FlagEmbedding

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News

• 3/6/2025: :fire::fire: Introduce BGE-VL (HF repo), State-Of-The-Art multimodal embedding models to support Any visual search applications (everything, including text-to-image, image-to-text, image&prompt-to-image, text-to-image&text, and more)! They are released under the MIT license and are completely free for both academic and commercial use. We also release MegaPairs (repo, paper), a massive synthetic dataset which empowers BGE-VL!

• 12/5/2024: :book: We built the BGE documentation for centralized BGE information and materials!

• 10/29/2024: :earth_asia: We created WeChat group for BGE. Scan the QR code to join the group chat! To get the first hand message about our updates and new release, or having any questions or ideas, join us now!

• 10/22/2024: We release another interesting model: OmniGen, which is a unified image generation model supporting various tasks. OmniGen can accomplish complex image generation tasks without the need for additional plugins like ControlNet, IP-Adapter, or auxiliary models such as pose detection and face detection.

• 9/10/2024: Introducing MemoRAG, a step forward towards RAG 2.0 on top of memory-inspired knowledge discovery (repo: https://github.com/qhjqhj00/MemoRAG, paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.05591v1)

• 9/2/2024: Start to maintain the tutorials. The contents within will be actively updated and eariched, stay tuned! :books:

• 7/26/2024: Release a new embedding model bge-en-icl, an embedding model that incorporates in-context learning capabilities, which, by providing task-relevant query-response examples, can encode semantically richer queries, further enhancing the semantic representation ability of the embeddings.

• 7/26/2024: Release a new embedding model bge-multilingual-gemma2, a multilingual embedding model based on gemma-2-9b, which supports multiple languages and diverse downstream tasks, achieving new SOTA on multilingual benchmarks (MIRACL, MTEB-fr, and MTEB-pl).

• 7/26/2024: Release a new lightweight reranker bge-reranker-v2.5-gemma2-lightweight, a lightweight reranker based on gemma-2-9b, which supports token compression and layerwise lightweight operations, can still ensure good performance while saving a significant amount of resources. :fire:

• 6/7/2024: Release a new benchmark MLVU, the first comprehensive benchmark specifically designed for long video understanding. MLVU features an extensive range of video durations, a diverse collection of video sources, and a set of evaluation tasks uniquely tailored for long-form video understanding. :fire:
• 5/21/2024: Release a new benchmark AIR-Bench together with Jina AI, Zilliz, HuggingFace, and other partners. AIR-Bench focuses on a fair out-of-distribution evaluation for Neural IR & RAG. It generates the synthetic data for benchmarking w.r.t. diverse domains and languages. It is dynamic and will be updated on regular basis. Leaderboard :fire:
• 4/30/2024: Release Llama-3-8B-Instruct-80K-QLoRA, extending the context length of Llama-3-8B-Instruct from 8K to 80K via QLoRA training on a few synthesized long-context data. The model achieves remarkable performance on various long-context benchmarks. Code :fire:
• 3/18/2024: Release new rerankers, built upon powerful M3 and LLM (GEMMA and MiniCPM, not so large actually :smiley:) backbones, supporitng multi-lingual processing and larger inputs, massive improvements of ranking performances on BEIR, C-MTEB/Retrieval, MIRACL, LlamaIndex Evaluation :fire:
• 3/18/2024: Release Visualized-BGE, equipping BGE with visual capabilities. Visualized-BGE can be utilized to generate embeddings for hybrid image-text data. :fire:
• 1/30/2024: Release BGE-M3, a new member to BGE model series! M3 stands for Multi-linguality (100+ languages), Multi-granularities (input length up to 8192), Multi-Functionality (unification of dense, lexical, multi-vec/colbert retrieval). It is the first embedding model which supports all three retrieval methods, achieving new SOTA on multi-lingual (MIRACL) and cross-lingual (MKQA) benchmarks. Technical Report and Code. :fire:
• 1/9/2024: Release Activation-Beacon, an effective, efficient, compatible, and low-cost (training) method to extend the context length of LLM. Technical Report
• 12/24/2023: Release LLaRA, a LLaMA-7B based dense retriever, leading to state-of-the-art performances on MS MARCO and BEIR. Model and code will be open-sourced. Please stay tuned. Technical Report and Code
• 11/23/2023: Release LM-Cocktail, a method to maintain general capabilities during fine-tuning by merging multiple language models. Technical Report
• 10/12/2023: Release LLM-Embedder, a unified embedding model to support diverse retrieval augmentation needs for LLMs. Technical Report
• 09/15/2023: The technical report of BGE has been released
• 09/15/2023: The massive training data of BGE has been released
• 09/12/2023: New models:
  • New reranker model: release cross-encoder models BAAI/bge-reranker-base and BAAI/bge-reranker-large, which are more powerful than embedding model. We recommend to use/fine-tune them to re-rank top-k documents returned by embedding models.
  • update embedding model: release bge-*-v1.5 embedding model to alleviate the issue of the similarity distribution, and enhance its retrieval ability without instruction.
• 09/07/2023: Update fine-tune code: Add script to mine hard negatives and support adding instruction during fine-tuning.
• 08/09/2023: BGE Models are integrated into Langchain, you can use it like this; C-MTEB leaderboard is available.
• 08/05/2023: Release base-scale and small-scale models, best performance among the models of the same size 🤗
• 08/02/2023: Release bge-large-*(short for BAAI General Embedding) Models, rank 1st on MTEB and C-MTEB benchmark! :tada: :tada:
• 08/01/2023: We release the Chinese Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (C-MTEB), consisting of 31 test dataset.

BGE (BAAI General Embedding) focuses on retrieval-augmented LLMs, consisting of the following projects currently:

• Inference: Embedder, Reranker
• Finetune: Embedder, Reranker
• Evaluation
• Dataset
• Tutorials
• research

Installation

Using pip:

If you do not want to finetune the models, you can install the package without the finetune dependency:

pip install -U FlagEmbedding

If you want to finetune the models, you can install the package with the finetune dependency:

pip install -U FlagEmbedding[finetune]

Install from sources:

Clone the repository and install

git clone https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding.git
cd FlagEmbedding
# If you do not need to finetune the models, you can install the package without the finetune dependency:
pip install  .
# If you want to finetune the models, install the package with the finetune dependency:
# pip install  .[finetune]

For development in editable mode:

# If you do not need to finetune the models, you can install the package without the finetune dependency:
pip install -e .
# If you want to finetune the models, install the package with the finetune dependency:
# pip install -e .[finetune]

Quick Start

First, load one of the BGE embedding model:

from FlagEmbedding import FlagAutoModel

model = FlagAutoModel.from_finetuned('BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5',
                                      query_instruction_for_retrieval="Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:",
                                      use_fp16=True)

Then, feed some sentences to the model and get their embeddings:

sentences_1 = ["I love NLP", "I love machine learning"]
sentences_2 = ["I love BGE", "I love text retrieval"]
embeddings_1 = model.encode(sentences_1)
embeddings_2 = model.encode(sentences_2)

Once we get the embeddings, we can compute similarity by inner product:

similarity = embeddings_1 @ embeddings_2.T
print(similarity)

For more details, you can refer to embedder inference, reranker inference, embedder finetune, reranker fintune, evaluation.

If you're unfamiliar with any of related concepts, please check out the tutorial. If it's not there, let us know.

For more interesting topics related to BGE, take a look at research.

Community

We are actively maintaining the community of BGE and FlagEmbedding. Let us know if you have any suggessions or ideas!

Currently we are updating the tutorials, we aim to create a comprehensive and detailed tutorial for beginners on text retrieval and RAG. Stay tuned!

The following contents are releasing in the upcoming weeks:

• Evaluation
• BGE-EN-ICL

Model List

bge is short for BAAI general embedding.

Model	Language	Description	query instruction for retrieval
BAAI/bge-en-icl	English	A LLM-based embedding model with in-context learning capabilities, which can fully leverage the model's potential based on a few shot examples	Provide instructions and few-shot examples freely based on the given task.
BAAI/bge-multilingual-gemma2	Multilingual	A LLM-based multilingual embedding model, trained on a diverse range of languages and tasks.	Provide instructions based on the given task.
BAAI/bge-m3	Multilingual	Multi-Functionality(dense retrieval, sparse retrieval, multi-vector(colbert)), Multi-Linguality, and Multi-Granularity(8192 tokens)
LM-Cocktail	English	fine-tuned models (Llama and BGE) which can be used to reproduce the results of LM-Cocktail
BAAI/llm-embedder	English	a unified embedding model to support diverse retrieval augmentation needs for LLMs	See README
BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-m3	Multilingual	a lightweight cross-encoder model, possesses strong multilingual capabilities, easy to deploy, with fast inference.
BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-gemma	Multilingual	a cross-encoder model which is suitable for multilingual contexts, performs well in both English proficiency and multilingual capabilities.
BAAI/bge-reranker-v2-minicpm-layerwise	Multilingual	a cross-encoder model which is suitable for multilingual contexts, performs well in both English and Chinese proficiency, allows freedom to select layers for output, facilitating accelerated inference.
BAAI/bge-reranker-v2.5-gemma2-lightweight	Multilingual	a cross-encoder model which is suitable for multilingual contexts, performs well in both English and Chinese proficiency, allows freedom to select layers, compress ratio and compress layers for output, facilitating accelerated inference.
BAAI/bge-reranker-large	Chinese and English	a cross-encoder model which is more accurate but less efficient
BAAI/bge-reranker-base	Chinese and English	a cross-encoder model which is more accurate but less efficient
BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5	English	version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution	Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5	English	version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution	Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5	English	version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution	Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5	Chinese	version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution	为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：
BAAI/bge-base-zh-v1.5	Chinese	version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution	为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：
BAAI/bge-small-zh-v1.5	Chinese	version 1.5 with more reasonable similarity distribution	为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：
BAAI/bge-large-en	English	Embedding Model which map text into vector	Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-base-en	English	a base-scale model but with similar ability to bge-large-en	Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-small-en	English	a small-scale model but with competitive performance	Represent this sentence for searching relevant passages:
BAAI/bge-large-zh	Chinese	Embedding Model which map text into vector	为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：
BAAI/bge-base-zh	Chinese	a base-scale model but with similar ability to bge-large-zh	为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：
BAAI/bge-small-zh	Chinese	a small-scale model but with competitive performance	为这个句子生成表示以用于检索相关文章：

Contributors:

Thank all our contributors for their efforts and warmly welcome new members to join in!

Citation

If you find this repository useful, please consider giving a star :star: and citation

@misc{bge_m3,
  title={BGE M3-Embedding: Multi-Lingual, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation},
  author={Chen, Jianlv and Xiao, Shitao and Zhang, Peitian and Luo, Kun and Lian, Defu and Liu, Zheng},
  year={2023},
  eprint={2309.07597},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

@misc{cocktail,
      title={LM-Cocktail: Resilient Tuning of Language Models via Model Merging}, 
      author={Shitao Xiao and Zheng Liu and Peitian Zhang and Xingrun Xing},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2311.13534},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

@misc{llm_embedder,
      title={Retrieve Anything To Augment Large Language Models}, 
      author={Peitian Zhang and Shitao Xiao and Zheng Liu and Zhicheng Dou and Jian-Yun Nie},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2310.07554},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.IR}
}

@misc{bge_embedding,
      title={C-Pack: Packaged Resources To Advance General Chinese Embedding}, 
      author={Shitao Xiao and Zheng Liu and Peitian Zhang and Niklas Muennighoff},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2309.07597},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

License

FlagEmbedding is licensed under the MIT License.